in Asher and Simpson 4378). Analysis in stylistics, therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include diction, sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. In summary, Stylistics is concerned with the writers deployment of the formal properties of a text and how readers interact with the language of (literary and non-literary) texts in order to explain how we understand, and are affected by texts when we read them. us chance to create a complex @DanBron But that cannot be possible - you cannot know the war discourse is explored in the octave, for example, without the foresight that the longest line is the one used for the war discourse. 3.6 Reliability of the Instrument The importance of graphology in a text is to capture the eye of the reader.  L ro#G*o"rY:wDs54!NUt4;>h Deviation as a concept has received a special interest from stylisticians. 4 Stylistic Features of Language Speech communication employs a host of expressive means ranging from linguistic to paralinguistic and extralinguistic features. It is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings and express thoughts and feelings. Khan and Jabeen (2015) say that this level of stylistic analysis is concerned with the study of the sound system of a given language, that is; the formal rules of pronunciation. Nature of participation-different language is used in a monologue and dialogue, What does the text tell us about the person using it? Doing Stylistics: An Analysis of '(listen)' by E. E. Cummings 1. to answer by embarking on stylistic analysis of the graphetic and graphological, the lexical, syntactic and semantic features of selected 2011 campaign posters in Yola Metropolis of Adamawa state. language. According to classical tradition, oratory is the art of discovering all possible means of persuasions. This bond is harnessed given the qualities that they share. The context level can also be referred to as the pragmatic level of stylistic analysis. Tel: +65 6509 9088 punctuation, spacing and so on. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. Linguistic style also deals with the prescriptive grammar associated with the . Deviation may occur at any level of language description. The first is the analysis of a literary text via a linguistic means. For instance, both concepts are interested in such features as are beyond the sentence boundary. 4.1 Significance of the Study They also said that the major aim of studying stylistics is to explore the meanings and understand the linguistic features of the text. Detailed explanations of these levels are given below. It is based on the premise that stylisticians who are involved with teaching should be aware of the pedagogical orientation and reading paradigms which inform their practice. 7. 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. judged by the reader through the Notwithstanding the few setbacks that enwrap the proposals of these two scholars, their works constitute a valuable contribution to the study of graphology. context, thematic context, pre-existing Factors of individuality-handwriting, lexical levels-words that one is fond of using. Stylistic analysis at the graphological level is concerned with the visual devices such as indentation, capitalization, texts layout (lineation), italicization, punctuation, spelling, graphological features in a text has some semantic and stylistic implications. Every writer has a natural, linguistic and idiosyncratic way of expressing ideas that leads to the identification of style with man and his thought. A detailed explanation of the model is provided afterwards. According to Carter and Stockwell (2008), pedagogical stylistics developed in the 1970s and became very practical as one way of evading the attacks leveled at stylistics. In systemic functional linguistics, foregrounding refers to a prominent portion of text that contributes meaning, contrasted with the background, which provides relevant context for the . of Department of English, University of Uyo, Ekemini Essien of Federal University of Science and Technology, Akure and Dan, Abasiono Godwin of Department of English, University of Ibadan; relatives: Mfiokma Nelson, Uncle Flow, Ukpeme John et alia and my students on whose shoulders I stood while the research lasted. He labels what we call graphology as punctuation and devotes attention not just to punctuation marks but also to spelling, typefaces or spacing, to mention just a few. May God bless you all.always counting on you, for higher heights. Table 2. The Oxford English Dictionary has recorded as many as twenty-eight different entries under the term style. Then can you please explain this article "Owen`s poem Anthem for Doomed Youth is also graphologically deviant. Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? Different Levels of Stylistics Analysis 1.Phonological level 2.Graphologic What is Style and Stylistics? Together with this setback, there is also a general consensus that graphology is neither relevant nor interesting in itself and, to some extent, a greater number of people still misunderstand the real meaning of this word (Eva, 2015). Elision, alliteration, liaison These features are used frequently in poetry and provide auxiliary meaning, thought and feelings to the genre of poetry. Graphological devices include punctuation (comma, full stop, colon, semi-colon, and quotation marks, etc. In stylistics, deviation is a style. Ndimele (2001:15) defines stylistics as a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics to the study of literature. They write the words in such a way without any boundaries in lines, space, or rhymes. Literary language, with its three main genres; poetry, drama, and prose, is a situational variety of English that. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. It is the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition). 2.1.16 Devices of Linguistic Deviation Linguistic context refers to the surrounding features of language inside a text, like the typography, sounds, words, phrases, and sentences, which are relevant to the interpretation of other such linguistic elements. Lexicon in advertisements is special in that some words are shortened in a readable way to allure the public. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? It can be used to derive stylistic effect in an advertisement. 3.2 Population of the Study It is discovered that some journalists report objectively, distancing themselves from the stories while some bring . Chapter One: INTRODUCTION The origin of the concept of style can be traced back to the classical school of rhetoric, which regards style as a part of the techniques of persuasion and discusses it under oratory. the study of text language and He notes that quotation marks are used to demarcate direct utterances; commas separate sentential elements for a short pause, semi-colon are also used to pause but longer than that of comma, question marks ends a question for emphasis sake and so on. General Manager at Sweetbites Manufacturing. This statement presupposes that Jane wrote fiction the study of semantics, word formation, Longe and Ofuani (1996:359) see it as solely concerned with the investigation of the artistry of language usage in literature. Similarity features-similarity features are normally temporary. It covers how some stylistic devices are applied in the female and male perfume advertising slogans based on four levels: the graphological level, the lexical level, the syntactic level and the semantic level. stylistics as a branch of linguistics therefore analyzes how speakers/writers created text as well as how effect is made or achieved. 1. The linguistic levels of analysis have often been the hallmark of any stylistic analysis of a text. Accordingly, Levenston (1992) criticizes the lack of critical approaches to the study of graphology and proposes four major schemes within the graphic representation of language. Behbood (2015) emphasizes that pedagogical stylistics examines the language of literature in both sentence level and the whole texts to encourage students develop their awareness of the connection between language and literature. Eigenvalues of position operator in higher dimensions is vector, not scalar? It majorly focuses on achieved graphological through the use of quotation marks. These more than one time Secondly, it will boost their practical knowledge, whereby students are able to analyze texts with the tool they have acquired at the first stage. A purely linguistic approach will only serve as good academic experience without benefiting experience, whereas, a purely literary work will lose sight of relevant forms of language which conceal within their patterns of experience, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2010). Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Within stylistics, the original motivation for the work was to examine how stylistic features in fiction can apparently be used to highlight key plot and thematic moments (Emmott, "Reading for Pleasure" and "Responding to Style"), guiding the interpretation of readers at these points. Whereas linguistic stylistics begins and concludes its analysis and synthesis from the literary text itself, rigorously examining how a special configuration of language has been used in the realization of a particular subject matter, quantifying all the linguistic means (including imagery) that coalesced to achieve a special aesthetic purpose; literary criticism does not suffer that restriction to the work of art under analysis. A branch of rhetoric in ancient Greece, eloctio was specially related to the relation between form (vorba) and content (res) and the characteristic features of literary language. For example, the first person plural pronoun we as used in the paragraph is a foreground. amount of vocabulary The levels of stylistic analysis according to Khan and Jabeen (2015) are basically lexical, syntactic or grammatical, phonological, semantic, context and graphological. For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. While literary stylistics in this light is concerned with the use of linguistic techniques and dwelling heavily on external correlates (history, philosophy, source of inspiration, etc) as well as occasional leap into the elements of language used to interpret a text, the linguistic stylistics is about engaging in stylistic analysis in order to test or define a linguistic model which in turn will contribute to the formation of linguistic theory; the latter also relies heavily on the scientific rules of language in its analysis. to understand the things than his dictionary knowledge further linguistic or stylistic analysis: 2.3. Like literary criticism, stylistics is interested in the message of the work, and how effectively it is delivered. This module will expose you to those things that should be considered in doing a stylistic analysis at the phono-graphological level of language description. This short video discusses one of the important concepts of stylistics, i.e., Levels of analysis. Such a process is valuable, for example, in the contemporary creative writing classroom. The second problem formulation is answered by linking up the finding in language features to get the meaning of the poems. whether the selected stylistic features do indeed capture the attention of readers, in the sense of making them notice more. readers. (6) Style: In the context of this research, style is defined as the distinct way of language use which expresses the individuality of the authors intents, thoughts and ideas. (Wikipedia) while Graphological Deviation: is the deviation in which poets disregard the rules of writing. Time factor-The choice of vocabulary is highly dictated and effected by the period in which the particular text us produced. intended meanings and foreshadowing Foregrounding is a deliberate act of making a feature prominent or important. Subsequently, the development of stylistics as an independent field of linguistics, paved way for new theories, principles, concepts and models to aid the perspectives through which meanings and aesthetics are perceived in texts. Alexander de pope describes stylistics as the equivalent of true wit, which consists in what oft was thought, but never so well expressed and other definition as well. Meanings are judged through 2.1.6.2 Syntactic/Grammatical Level In turn, because of the role of English in the world and the status of World Englishes, there has been a growing awareness of the need for highly profiled environments in which English is taught as a Foreign Language (EFL), for example. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language1. (doeniadevi.wordpress.com) Share Improve this answer Follow There are three major approaches to the study of stylistics, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2013) observe. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. Related literatures like (Isidore, 2010, Chatman, 1967, Van Peer, 1980 etc) have revealed the fact that researchers attempt to explore at a stretch, all these levels of analysis in a text, thereby heralding some deficiencies in the individual linguistic levels. helps us to find out subtleties of time, place Text Analysis in Stylistics. Text Analysis in Stylistics. The result reveals the use of phono-graphological features to indicate contrastive stress and focus information. Graphology offers the reader a solid impression by communicating the exact mind of the writer. time in the literary piece. analysis of text we can know the authors (status/social dialect), Which period of English was the text written (Time), Does the text involve speaking or writing? Morphology to Jolayemi (2008) is the study of word-formation, in other words, the study of how morphemes (smallest units of a word) whether free or bound form words. This study is limited to graphological level of linguistic stylistic analysis, for two obvious reasons: firstly, the research did not consider the other levels, for avoidance of deficiency and awkwardness, having studied six poetry collections; secondly, the research is not on General Stylistics which analyses nonliterary variety of language or registers. The Graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. 2 0 obj To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. I think that referring to octaves and sextets , graphological deviation should be written using inverted commas. Graphologists note suchRead More Singapore 369977. Is there such a thing as "right to be heard" by the authorities? and what was in the past. 3.2. Unity and Diversity in Language Structure, Department of Linguistics,Bharathiar University, Phonetics & phonology, INTRODUCTION, Dr, Salama Embarak, PHONOLOGY (Grammatical Aspects of Language), criticalreadingasreasoning-170802010220.pdf, UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS_015624.pptx, THE ENCHANTED EEL OF CAGUBATAN, TADIAN.pptx, LESSON 1-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN BAKING.pptx, ISDM - Post Graduate Program in Development Management- Academic Structure, It is concerned with the phonetic 3) What are the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? 3.1 Purpose of the Study Significantly, by the establishment of a modified model of categorization of Graphological devices, this research will improve the teaching and learning of graphology as a device of literary composition by way of assisting learners to develop linguistic abilities necessary for them to read, understand and respond to literary and non-literary works sensitively. Because language is primarily spoken, this level is the richest and most important (Ogunsiji and Farinde, 2013). This 11 paper however, examined objectivity in Maya Angelous Still I Rise. This level is often referred to stylistic meaning. Amore and Sonde of Department of English, Tai Solarin University of Education, Nigeria; very sincerely, this dissertation is a testimony of your mentoringalways counting on you too, for higher heights. This can be seen in two ways. analysis focuses on the analyzing sound Leech (1969:39) notes that graphology transcends orthography as it refers to the whole writing system. Other basic considerations are the general appearance and impression of the writing, the pressure of upward and downward strokes, and the smoothness of the writing. This move however, has given rise to many other linguists like Vachek (1973) Sampson (1985), Coulmas (1991, 1999), Harris (1995) and Eva (2015) who also have researched about the concept of graphology with focus on the properties of alphabets and their historical evolution. Let me, very remarkably appreciate the supports of the following scholars and authorities of English in no specific order: Dr. Yomi Okunowo (the Colorado Boulder trained scholar of Grammar and stylistics), my role model in a way as well as my indefatigable supervisor, He added strength to my consciousness, revived and deepened my sensitivity towards the study of style; Emeritus Professor A. Lekan Oyeleye of English Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, whose moment of sabbatical coincided with this programme and he taught me advanced meaning related courses and buttressed the impartation with sound scholarly etiquettes; Professor Joseph Akinbode, a passionate father who wishes his students what he wishes himselfSir, frankly, I became a lecturer, that moment you taught us the topic: The Character of a Scholar; Professor Sogbessan and now Drs.