The new medium spread rapidly, primarily because of cheaper mass-production costs and war-related improvements in technology. Okidoke. 1960s -> Flamenco . The invention of the reel-to-reel tape recorder and the development of vinyl records in the 1940s drastically improved this process. Which is NOT true of Miles Davis's music of the 1960s? During the 1940s, a mutually beneficial alliance between sound recording and radio existed. 1 Barry McRae, Sound Investment: Mainstream, Jazz Journal International 58, No. black culture in the early american colonies traces its roots back to what region in africa? Economic, political, and technological developments heightened the popularity of jazz music in the 1920s, a decade of unprecedented economic growth and prosperity in the United States. The growth of radio, television, and recording, which popularized Black music among wide audiences, greatly aided the diffusion of these dances. It represents diverse groups of African Americans and European Americans who interacted closely with each other. all of the following were favorable conditions in New Orleans that enabled the development of jazz culture except? Opera singers were the stars of the 19th century, and their music generated most of the sheet music sales in the United States. In addition, the slow drag contributed to the fish of the 1950s; the ring shout, which survived from the 18th into the 20th century, in isolated areas, influenced the cakewalk. Photograph by Robert Runyon, The Roaring Twenties screeched to a halt on October 29, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday, when the collapse of stock prices on Wall Street ushered in the period of US history known as the. ; exegetics, n. Which of the following IS NOT a characteristic of early New Orleans music according to the article by Joyce: The tradition of singing by choirs at outdoor events, without instrumental accompaniment. 1990s -> European free jazz: European free jazz is a part of the global free jazz scene with its own development and characteristics. During the Prohibition era in the 1920s and early 1930s, some jazz bands played in illegal speakeasies, which helped generate the genres reputation for being immoral and for threatening the countrys cultural values. it is highly experimental, in 2011 this musician became the first musician to win a grammy for best new artist. . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Jazz dance developed from both 19th- and 20th-century stage dance and traditional Black social dances and their white ballroom offshoots. The big swing bands organized their players into sections of brass, woodwinds, and rhythm and hired skilled orchestrators to write music for them. All are characteristics of mainstream jazz EXCEPT: Which is NOT one of the style features of mainstream jazz that free jazz players wanted to "liberate themselves from," according to the Tucker reading? Ronald D. Cohen (New York: Routledge, 2003), 102. Notable Biographies, Berry Gordy Jr. Biography, Encyclopedia of World Biography, http://www.notablebiographies.com/Gi-He/Gordy-Jr-Berry.html. The Roaring Twenties contributed the Great Depression. In the article, the First World War is referred to as the "deadliest war in history". The term Mainstream Jazz was coined by critic Stanley Dance to describe the type of music that trumpeter Buck Clayton and his contemporaries (veterans of the swing era) were playing in the 1950s. However, as inventors improved various aspects of the device, the sales of gramophone records began to affect sheet music sales. Boosted by the success of 1977 film Saturday Night Fever, discos popularity spread across the country. Frenetic showmen Little Richard and Chuck Berry were early pioneers of rock and roll, and their wild stage performances became characteristic of the genre. The 33 rpm discs became the standard form for full albums and would dominate the recorded music industry until the advent of the compact disc (CD). However, this same label has also appeared on multiple articles on multiple wars. Selected Answer: c. neuroti c. The primary difference between popular music and classical music is that, whereas classical artists were exalted for their individuality and expected to differ stylistically from other classical composers, popular artists were praised for conforming to the tastes of their intended audience. which of the following was the first genre of music to develop out of the southern slave experience? swing, in music, both the rhythmic impetus of jazz music and a specific jazz idiom prominent between about 1935 and the mid-1940syears sometimes called the swing era. Determine the influences and characteristics of each genre of popular music. Do you mean in the sense that WWII led to the Baby Boomer generation? Which is NOT a reason why the beginnings of bebop were not well documented on records. The Clash: Return of the Last Gang in Town (London: Helter Skelter, 2001), 147. from/ * out of j. n. A thorough explanation or interpretation, especially of a sacred text. you would think that the economy was not in a good place after a war. As the decade progressed, social attitudes toward racial segregation relaxed and big bands became more racially integrated. For jazz music, which was improvisational, the development of phonograph technology was transformative. Artists such as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five added political and social commentary on the realities of life in low-income, high-crime areasa trend that would continue with later rappers such as Public Enemy and Ice-T. And parts of the US economy were doing poorly through the 20s. The Roaring Twenties refers to the decade of the 1920s in Western society and Western culture. "Sound Investment: Mainstream.". Unlike rock music, hip-hop maintained its popularity, with more commercial, polished artists such as Kanye West, Jay-Z, Lupe Fiasco, and OutKast achieving enormous success. lerio discusses the acculturation of africans. Along with hip-hop and gangsta rap, alternative rock came to the forefront in the 1990s with grunge. The utter carnage and uncertain outcome of the war was disillusioning, and many began to question the values and assumptions of Western civilization. The swing era also coincided with the greatest popularity of dance bands in general. This ultimately resulted in payolathe illegal practice of receiving payment from a record company for broadcasting a particular song on the radio. The rivalry culminated with the murders of Shakur in 1996 and B.I.G. The grunge scene emerged in the mid-1980s in the Seattle area of Washington State. 8 (2008), https://doi.org/10.21083/csieci.v4i1.361. Popular disco artists included KC and the Sunshine Band, Gloria Gaynor, the Bee Gees, and Donna Summer, who helped to pioneer its electronic sound. Records were created especially for discos, and record companies churned out tunes that became huge hits on the dance floor. The public image of swing changed from something disreputable to a pastime that people welcomed into their homes through records, radio broadcasts, and swing dancing. This electrified form of blues provided the foundations of rock and roll. Until this time, music had primarily been recorded for adults, but the popularity of Sinatra and his contemporaries revealed an entirely untapped market: teenagers. Jazz dance paralleled the birth and spread of jazz itself from roots in Black American society and was popularized in ballrooms by the big bands of the swing era (1930s and 40s). The 1920s through the 1950s is considered the golden age of radio. Allegedly named because the cacophony of many pianos being played in the publishers demo rooms sounded like people pounding on tin pans, Tin Pan Alley soon became a prolific source of popular music, with its publishers mass-producing sheet music to satisfy the demands of a growing middle class. Inspired by hardcore punk and heavy metal, this subgenre of rock was so-called because of its messy, sludgy, distorted guitar sound, the disheveled appearance of its pioneers, and the disaffected nature of the artists. The Chicago blues, characterized by the use of electric guitar and harmonica, provided the foundations of rock and roll. The jazz musicians listed below were either considered "mainstream" musicians, or were influenced by mainstream musicians. Even though many fans questioned his decision to go electric, Dylans poetic and politically charged lyrics were still influential, inspiring groups like the Beatles and the Animals. Reacting against the extravagance of disco, many poor urban rappers developed their new street culture by adopting a casual image consisting of T-shirts and sportswear, developing a language that reflected the everyday concerns of the people in low-income, urban areas, and by embracing the low-budget visual art form of graffiti. Jazz was born in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rather than modernize their styles and play bop or join Dixieland bands (which some did on a part-time basis in order to survive), the former big-band . What was mainstream then would not be considered mainstream now. Unlike jazz, the blues did not spread significantly to the Northern states until the late 1930s and 1940s. B. Whereas classical artists were exalted for their individuality and expected to differ stylistically from other classical artists, popular artists were praised for conforming to the tastes of their intended audience. c. A-A-B-A form twice. This set of unreleased archival material showcases the great tenor saxophonist with canny young drummer Han Bennink and bassist Ruud Jacobs. Another way to describe mainstream jazz is music that does not incorporate the bebop style. it was the first form of music to focus on the individual performer rather than the community. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. this is considered a major characteristic of traditional african music. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In the 1970s, glam rock and disco became popular, and punk rockers revolted against the excesses of these styles. By the end of the 1990s, mainstream tastes leaned toward pop music. For some, selfish views took the place of concern with social issues and political activism, causing writer Tom Wolfe to label the 1970s the me decade (Wolfe, 1976). If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The Chicago blues, characterized by the use of electric guitar and harmonica, provided the foundations of rock and roll. In the early years of Jazz, and up until the Swing Era, the piano was still very much rooted in the rhythm section of the band. Rock and roll, a new style of music which drew inspiration from African American blues music, embraced themes popular among teenagers, such as young love and rebellion against authority. The nationalistic fervor that had motivated many Americans and Europeans to enlist in the war effort dissipated in the muddy trenches of battle, where the purpose and aims of the war seemed distant and unclear. Throughout the last century, tastes in popular music have evolved to encompass a wide variety of styles. Rickenbacker, Early Years: The Earliest Days of the Electric Guitar, Rickenbacker International Corporation, June 22, 2010, http://www.rickenbacker.com/history_early.asp; Mary Bellis, The History of Guitar and Electric Guitar, About.com Guide, http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventions/a/guitar_2.htm. Equally as important was Duke Ellington, whose music was infused with a unique range of harmonies and sound colours. a river having tributaries. Marketed under the name rhythm and blues, or R&B, the sexually suggestive lyrics in songs such as Sexy Ways and Sixty Minute Man and the electrified guitar and wailing harmonica sounds appealed to young listeners. The swing era also brought respectability to jazz, moving into the ballrooms of America a music that until that time had been associated with the brothels of New Orleans and the Prohibition-era gin mills of Chicago. They described their new culture as hip-hop, after a common phrase chanted at dance parties in New Yorks Bronx borough. While the reel-to-reel recorders were in the early stages of development, families listened to records on their gramophones. What is the main idea of the Watson story on the biography of Monk by Robin Kelley? These big band orchestras used an arranger to limit improvisation by assigning parts of a piece of music to various band members. Heavily influenced by his rural Southern roots, Presley combined the R&B music of bluesmen B. Radio was an affordable medium that enabled listeners to experience events as they took place. This development was a threat to the entire recording industry, which began to campaign for, and was ultimately granted, the right to collect license fees from broadcasters. Salamon, Ed. The Me Decade and the Third Great Awakening, New York Magazine, August 23, 1976, http://nymag.com/news/features/45938/. True. Early hip-hop artists, like Run-D.M.C., opposed the clean-cut, polished world of soul and pop by embracing political lyrics that were inspired by everyday life. The Lost Generation refers to the generation of artists, writers, and intellectuals that came of age during the First World War (1914-1918) and the Roaring Twenties.. In Detroit, some Black performers were developing a sound that would have crossover appeal with both Black and White audiences. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Science Museum London EMG Mark Xb handmade gramophone, c 1934. Corrections? Updates? Technology wasnt the only revolution that took place during the 1950s. Posted 4 years ago. Jazz music was first based on the music of African slaves who were forced to work in the plantations of the southern United States.This included call and response songs, spirituals, chants and blue notes. CC BY-SA 2.0. noun the principal or dominant course, tendency, or trend: the mainstream of American culture. Mainstream jazz is a term established in the 1950s by music journalist Stanley Dance, who considered anything within the popular jazz music of the swing era mainstream. Another way to describe mainstream jazz is music that does not incorporate the bebop style.1 Mainstream jazz was used to describe the type of music trumpeter Buck Clayton and his contemporaries, veterans of the swing era, were playing in the 1950s. During this time, jazz music began to take on a big band style, combining elements of ragtime, Black spirituals, blues, and European music. Jazz dance paralleled the birth and spread of jazz itself from roots in Black American society and was popularized in ballrooms by the big bands of the swing era (1930s and '40s). An unremarked, but assumed, positive characteristic was that all these performers were white. she was central in the evolution of jazz in new orleans after the exodus of 1917, this female jazz musician became the arranger and pianist for the most influential black jazz band in Chicago during the 1920s, which of the following contributed to the migration of jazz to other cities during the 1920s. Stations became more dependent on recorded music to fill airtime, and in 1955 the Top 40 format was born. Gould, Jonathan. Where did the term "Lost Generation" come from? More recently, alternative rock has fragmented into even more specific subgenres. Having earned himself a reputation as a political spokesperson, Dylan was lambasted by traditional folk fans for playing an electric guitar at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival. Stuart Blacklock Leevers Rich series D2B CC BY-ND 2.0. Which IS NOT one of the aspects of jazz that Tucker includes in his discussion of jazz at the end of the 1920s as a "fluid, unstable construct": Jazz was accepted as "America's classical music.". After the Vietnam War ended, college students began to settle down and focus on careers and families. [1] all of the following are true regarding the beleifs and practices of africans from traditional societies except, culture was disseminated primarily through written traditions, all of the following are true regarding the characteristics of traditional african music except, their music was based on the system of major and minor tonality, which dictated the combination of notes and pitches used during performances, in their music making africans often employed multiple rhythmic patterns that occurred simultaneously. When the urban centers went down, they dragged the rest of the economies in which they existed with them. Kelley's biography portrays Monk as a man with a loving family life, not as an isolated person. But specifically, during the Roaring Twenties, inflation rates skyrocketed. For this reason the pianist's left hand generally just played chords on the beat; while his right hand built rhythmic patterns around . In 1948, Columbia Records perfected the 12-inch 33 rpm long-playing (LP) disc, which could play up to 25 minutes per side and had a lower level of surface noise than the earlier (and highly breakable) shellac discs (Lomax, 2003). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The bands led by the Black pianist Fletcher Henderson in the 1920s were especially important in disseminating these musical ideas, which were then picked up by white orchestras riding the later tide of swings popularity. A primarily British phenomenon, glam rock was popularized by acts such as Slade, David Bowie, the Sweet, Elton John, and Gary Glitter. which of the following best describes the characteristics and uses folk spiritual, which of the following traits of traditional african music remained as part of the performance aesthetic of early African American music (prior to civil war), vocal and instrumental performances were functional and generally reflected some aspect of everyday life, which of the following is characteristic of the early rural or blues style, songs were free in form and were often accompanied by harmonica or guitar and were sometimes constructed in 8, 10, or 16 bar phrases. Many of these writers lived as expatriates in Paris, which played host to a flourishing artistic and cultural scene. Numerous publishers began to emerge in an area of New York that became known as Tin Pan Alley. . Copyright 2023 D. Pippins All rights reserved | Creative Commons. Which modern jazz figure does this describe: adapted the fast bebop melodic style to the right hand of the piano; established the practice of comping with occasional rhythmic accents in the left hand instead of a continuous stride pattern. Rockin in Time: A Social History of Rock and Roll (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010), 16. Reel-to-reel tape recorders and magnetic tape not only helped artists experiment with overdubbing, but they also were a compact method for reproducing and preserving audio. In 1877, Edison discovered that sound could be reproduced using a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a rotating metal cylinder. Pioneered by groups such as Run-D.M.C. Direct link to David Alexander's post This was an urban phenome, Posted 5 years ago. "Johnny Hodges: Sensual Musical Beauty". At its best, swing achieved an art of improvisation in which current harmonic conventions counterbalanced the stylistic individuality of its great creators. Basically, they were born during a massively destructive war, which was devastating so they had no identity; they were lost in their search of their identity. Rather than modernize their styles and play bop or join Dixieland bands (which some did on a part-time basis in order to survive), the former big-band . 1 Mainstream jazz was used to describe the type of music trumpeter Buck Clayton and his contemporaries, veterans of the swing era, were playing in the 1950s. The first commercially available tape recorders were monophonic, meaning that they only had one track on which to record sound onto magnetic tape. Their appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show a few days later was the largest audience for an American television program, with approximately one in three Americans (74 million) tuning in (Gould, 2007). caused a shift in the hip-hop industry toward less violent music. Yes, you would think that. Some of the most famous Lost Generation writers were F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, T.S. this female performer is credited with being the first to perform the blues on stage. Direct link to David Alexander's post Yes, you would think that, Posted 3 years ago. what effects did the "roaring 20's" have on the world. This situation changed almost overnight with the arrival of British pop phenomenon the Beatles. Which modern jazz figure does this describe: virtuoso player of the alto saxophone; died at age 34; like to quote a wide variety of melodies in his improvisations. Artists such as Common, Mos Def, and the Black Eyed Peas found success even though they didnt represent traditional stereotypes of hip-hop. Shepherd, John. Genova, Tom. Compare Points of View What similar ideas did Direct link to kateweber's post what long term effects di, Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to SH4RPSH00TER's post Why was the generation th, Posted 4 years ago. In the late 19th century, the lax copyright laws that existed in the United States at the beginning of the century were strengthened, providing an opportunity for composers, singers, and publishers to work together to earn money by producing as much music as possible. Rather than modernize their styles and play bop or join Dixieland bands (which some did on a part-time basis in order to survive), the former big-band stars (which included players like Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young, Harry "Sweets" Edison, and Roy Eldridge) jammed standards and riff tunes in smaller groups. This loss became even more prominent during the mid-1920s, when improvements in electrical recording drastically increased sales of gramophones and gramophone records. World War 1 was more deadly than any other war until World War 2 occurred. In an effort to do so, it became somewhat of a promotional tool. Equally flamboyant, but rising out of a more electronic sound, disco also emerged in the 1970s. Although several Black orchestrase.g., those of Basie, Ellington, Chick Webb, and Jimmie Luncefordbecame famous during the period, the swing era was in the main a white preserve whose outstanding bandleaders included Benny Goodman, Harry James, Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey, and Glenn Miller. All of the following are musical elements of "Take It Easy" EXCEPT: long, improvised electric guitar solos similar to blues rock . Playlists for radio stations were based on popularity (usually the Billboard Top 40 singles chart), and a popular song might be played as many as 30 or 40 times a day. Never a huge commercial success in the United States, punk rock exploded in the United Kingdom, where high unemployment rates and class divisions had created angry, disenfranchised youths (BBC). The Year the Music Died: 19641972: A Commentary on the Best Era of Pop Music, and an Irreverent Look at the Musicians and Social Movements of the Time (Austin: Bridgeway Books, 2007), 292. King surged in popularity among White and Black teenagers alike. and Sean Combs, stuck to a traditional hip-hop style. Tap dance and such social dances as the cakewalk and shuffle became popular vaudeville acts and appeared in Broadway revues and musical comedies as these replaced vaudeville early in the 20th century. Carrying on the legacy of the 1930s labor activist Woody Guthrie, singer-songwriters such as Joan Baez; Peter, Paul, and Mary; and Bob Dylan sang social protest songs about civil rights, discrimination against Black Americans, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. exegesis (ek ' S3 je' sis; plural exegeses) [ex <(i. To succeed on a national scale, a bandespecially its leaderhad to be commercially exploitable, and in this period of American history this meant that its leader and members had to be white. Direct link to Scout Finch's post Okidoke. Rhythm and blues laid the groundwork for rock and roll that shook up popular music in the 1950s. It presents early jazz, swing era jazz, and bebop/modern jazz as part of one developing tradition. Consumer culture flourished, with ever greater numbers of Americans purchasing automobiles, electrical appliances, and other widely available consumer products. in the chapters "the negro as a non-man" and "the negro as property". Whereas previously, music-lovers would actually have to attend a nightclub or concert venue to hear jazz, now they could listen on the radio or even purchase their favorite recordings for at-home listening. Photograph of a jazz quintet. Number of TV Households in America, Television History The First 75 Years, http://www.tvhistory.tv/Annual_TV_Households_50-78.JPG. Another subgenre that emerged was gangsta rap, a controversial brand of hip-hop epitomized by West Coast rappers such as Ice Cube and Tupac Shakur. Was mainstream American culture distinct from African American culture during this period? Which does NOT describe the playing of the rhythm section instruments in modern jazz/bebop: . jazz dance, any dance to jazz accompaniments, composed of a profusion of forms. The term "Big Band," referring to Jazz, is vague but popular. Rounds, Dwight. The radio industry adapted by focusing on music, joining forces with the recording industry to survive. This set of unreleased archival material showcases the great tenor saxophonist with canny young drummer Han Bennink and bassist Ruud Jacobs. That was not the only factor in causing the Great Depression, of course, but it is a big one. Rather than modernize their styles and play bop or join Dixieland bands (which some did on a part-time basis in order to survive), the former big-band stars (which included players like Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young, Harry "Sweets" Edison, and Roy Eldridge) jammed standards and riff tunes in smaller groups. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The postwar prevalence of radio hugely impacted popular music, with radio airplay of popular songs promoting record sales. Once Southern migrants introduced the blues to urban Northern cities, the music developed into distinctive regional styles, ranging from the jazz-oriented Kansas City blues to the swing-based West Coast blues. In the 1950s, the relatively new technology of television began to compete with motion pictures as a major form of popular entertainment. A plethora of boy bands, girl bands, and pop starlets emerged, sometimes evolving from gospel choir groups, but more often than not created by talent scouts. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Musically, this ideological shift resulted in the creation of glam rock, an extravagant, self-indulgent form of rock that incorporated flamboyant costumes, heavy makeup, and elements of hard rock and pop. Swing rhythms defy any narrower definition, and the music has never been notated exactly. The introduction of radio broadcasting provided a valuable link between urban city centers and small, rural towns. which of the following was not one of the places jazz was cultivated in Chicago? It wasnt until artists like Elvis Presley and other rock and roll and R & B influences became more prevalent that mainstream jazz became less desirable.2 By the mid-60s, mainstream jazz was completely overshadowed by other styles, and its original players gradually passed away. in 1997. This spirit of freedom and protest culminated in the infamous Woodstock festival in the summer of 1969, although the subsequent deaths of many of its stars from drug overdoses cast a shadow over the psychedelic culture.