William gave generously to the church;[56] from 1035 to 1066, the Norman aristocracy founded at least twenty new monastic houses, including William's two monasteries in Caen, a remarkable expansion of religious life in the duchy. Central to the control of Maine were the holdings of the Bellme family, who held Bellme on the border of Maine and Normandy, as well as the fortresses at Alenon and Domfront. British Monarch. The lands around Rouen became the core of the later duchy of Normandy. Andy Rhind-Tutt claims to have traced his family back to the Saxon . Norman coins had a much lower silver content, were often of poor artistic quality, and were rarely re-minted. William remained in Normandy while his men in England subdued the revolt. Between 1066 and 1072, William spent only 15 months in Normandy and the rest in England. [20] The support given to the exiled English princes in their attempt to return to England in 1036 shows that the new duke's guardians were attempting to continue his father's policies,[2] but Archbishop Robert's death in March 1037 removed one of William's main supporters, and conditions in Normandy quickly descended into chaos. [o] William ordered that the body was to be thrown into the sea, but whether that took place is unclear. In 1086, he ordered the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey listing all of the land-holdings in England along with their pre-Conquest and current holders. himself there. In England and Ireland Grey is still used, in Scotland
Thomas died in Plymouth June 7, 1654. the private press of Frederick Arthur Crisp, Grove Park, Denmark Hill,
This income was collected by the chamber, one of the household departments. in the reign of Edward IV., from whom are descended and branched the Barons
Members of the Gray or de Gray family later ride with William the Conqueror to defeat the Brittish at the Battle of Hastings(1066). His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. Birth, marriage and death
Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. At first, Alan of Brittany had custody of the duke, but when Alan died in either late 1039 or October 1040, Gilbert of Brionne took charge of William. Eventually, the clergy of Rouen arranged to have the body sent to Caen, where William had desired to be buried in his foundation of the Abbaye-aux-Hommes. By the end of 1081, William was back on the continent, dealing with disturbances in Maine. Robert and Pardon who left a record for all to see. Harold assembled an army and a fleet to repel William's anticipated invasion force, deploying troops and ships along the English Channel for most of the summer. From this his family assumed the name of DeCroy, which was later
At an early period there were also Grays
William I, byname William the Conqueror or William the Bastard or William of Normandy, French Guillaume le Conqurant or Guillaume le Btard or Guillaume de Normandie, (born c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy [France]died September 9, 1087, Rouen), duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England (as William I) from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages . near the throne. He died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. Stigand submitted to William there, and when the duke moved on to Berkhamsted soon afterwards, Edgar the theling, Morcar, Edwin, and Ealdred also submitted. a Welch leader, was having a dispute with another Reginald de Grey, and
[108] While William was in Normandy, Edgar the theling returned to Scotland from Flanders. Anschetil de Gray
He received from Robert the Castle and honor
Interaction between father and son, nevertheless, remained problematic right up until William's passing. He then proceeded to buy off the Danes. of Rotherfield, Codmore, Wilton, Rhuthun, Groby and Rugemont, the Viscount
[61] By 1050, however, relations between the king and the earl had soured, culminating in a crisis in 1051 that led to the exile of Godwin and his family from England. William I ruled England from 1066 until his death in 1087. The Grays were in Wales by 1283 when King Edward created new Marcher
William's government blended elements of the English and Norman systems into a new one that laid the foundations of the later medieval English kingdom. His holdings included nine thirtieths of the
[14] After his accession, Robert continued Norman support for the English princes Edward and Alfred, who were still in exile in northern France. taken to England where he was imprisioned. http://members.aol.com/rinewpor/famhist.html. of that parish for some years. For the second ruler of Normandy, see. More difficulties struck in 1083 when William's son Robert rebelled once more with support from the French king. He was of Viking extraction. [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. left and came back later with some help, but Sams friends came to his aid
By 1509 an Edward Grey was one of only three remaining powerful
These controversies have led to William being seen by some historians either as one of the creators of England's greatness or as inflicting one of the greatest defeats in English history. This made William's power more secure in northern France, but the new count of Flanders accepted Edgar the theling into his court. He also allowed his son Robert Curthose to do homage to the new Count of Anjou, Geoffrey the Bearded. [118], Word of William's defeat at Gerberoi stirred up difficulties in northern England. [109] William returned to England later in 1075 to deal with the Danish threat, leaving his wife Matilda in charge of Normandy. They included the duke's uncle Robert, the archbishop of Rouen, who had originally opposed the duke; Osbern, a nephew of Gunnor the wife of Richard I; and Gilbert of Brionne, a grandson of Richard I. [133][u] Government was still centred on William's household; when he was in one part of his realms, decisions would be made for other parts of his domains and transmitted through a communication system that made use of letters and other documents. 1. Andrew Morton Carr Descendant of the right-hand general Ker of William the Conqueror. xxxx xxxxxxx London, England. that John Gray was not native to Stapleford Tawney, but was only a resident
His marriage to Matilda appears to have been quite affectionate, and there are no signs that he was unfaithful to her unusual in a medieval monarch. Within the first century, between 1620 and 1720, research indicates that
Born circa 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France, William the Conqueror was an illegitimate child of Robert I, duke of Normandy, who died in 1035 while returning from a pilgrimage to . no trace to follow. [121], Sources for William's actions between 1082 and 1084 are meagre. Other bequests included gifts to the Church and money to be distributed to the poor. Mortemer thus marked another turning point in William's growing control of the duchy,[39] although his conflict with the French king and the Count of Anjou continued until 1060. Prescott Sheldon Bush (1895-1972), US Senator. He overthrew the last Anglo-Saxon king, Harold II, to seize the throne, earning the title William the Conqueror. [71], Harold was crowned on 6 January 1066 in Edward's new Norman-style Westminster Abbey, although some controversy surrounds who performed the ceremony. After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. It may have been Norman propaganda designed to discredit Harold, who had emerged as the main contender to succeed King Edward. Another Tiverton Gray, Pardon Gray was active during the war also. [131], After 1066, William did not attempt to integrate his separate domains into one unified realm with one set of laws. The period from 1047 to 1054 saw almost continuous warfare, with lesser crises continuing until 1060. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. It is to be presumed
[49] Geoffrey Martel described him as without equal as a fighter and as a horseman. David Gray of Tiverton was captured by the British during the war and
It
in the United States. By 12 April 1080, William and Robert had reached an accommodation, with William once more affirming that Robert would receive Normandy when he died. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. The chronicler Orderic Vitalis states that Edwin's reason for revolting was that the proposed marriage between himself and one of William's daughters had not taken place, but another reason probably included the increasing power of fitzOsbern in Herefordshire, which affected Edwin's power within his own earldom. [100] In 1070 William also founded Battle Abbey, a new monastery at the site of the Battle of Hastings, partly as a penance for the deaths in the battle and partly as a memorial to the dead. Swein's death in 1014 allowed thelred to return home, but Swein's son Cnut contested thelred's return. to that King, receiving possessions in Roufield shire of Roxburgh. Although Simon was a supporter of William, the Vexin was actually under the overlordship of King Philip, which is why Philip secured control of the county when Simon became a monk. [v], At Christmas 1085, William ordered the compilation of a survey of the landholdings held by himself and by his vassals throughout his kingdom, organised by counties. William and Malcolm agreed to peace by signing the Treaty of Abernethy, and Malcolm probably gave up his son Duncan as a hostage for the peace. The Bayeux Tapestry has been claimed to show Harold's death by an arrow to the eye, but that may be a later reworking of the tapestry to conform to 12th-century stories in which Harold was slain by an arrow wound to the head. [e] His mother Herleva was a daughter of Fulbert of Falaise; he may have been a tanner or embalmer. In 1402 Owain,
Medieval writers criticised William for his greed and cruelty, but his personal piety was universally praised by contemporaries. For example, England continued the use of writs, which were not known on the continent. Descendants
Gray instead of Grey is almost universally used in the different branches
London, S.E., 1892, states that John Gray of that place had the following
Also, in England, no other coinage was allowed, while on the continent other coinage was considered legal tender. [116] William immediately attacked the rebels and drove them from Remalard, but King Philip gave them the castle at Gerberoi, where they were joined by new supporters. The name has various spellings and includes GRAY and GREY - sometimes different spellings occur in the same generation of a single family.The first Gray to arrive in the United States was John Gray in about 1620.The origins of the name would seem to be multiple. William I[a] (c.1028[1] 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard,[2][b] was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. Biography Norman King; known as William the Bastard; Duke of Normandy as William II (1035-1087); King of England as William I (1066-1087). But William was not finished; he marched over the Pennines during the winter and defeated the remaining rebels at Shrewsbury before building Chester and Stafford Castles. Among the names inscribed at Battle Abbey, after the Battle of Hastings,
was a son of Gray in Chillingham, Northumberland, England, who came to
de Gray, who was in high favor with King Richard I and King John. He left his half-brother Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux, in charge of England along with another influential supporter, William fitzOsbern, the son of his former guardian. The soldier took offense and went at Sam
This band of young men went to the castle at Remalard, where they proceeded to raid into Normandy. It is unclear what exactly happened at Edward's deathbed. [2] Although he put two Normans in overall charge, he retained many of the native English sheriffs. left Tiverton to settle all across the country. Gilbert was killed within months, and another guardian, Turchetil, was also killed around the time of Gilbert's death. His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father, as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule. [32], On the death of Hugh of Maine, Geoffrey Martel occupied Maine in a move contested by William and King Henry; eventually, they succeeded in driving Geoffrey from the county, and in the process, William had been able to secure the Bellme family strongholds at Alenon and Domfront for himself. [143] How abrupt and far-reaching the changes were is still a matter of debate among historians, with some such as Richard Southern claiming that the Conquest was the single most radical change in European history between the Fall of Rome and the 20th century. (Former King of England (1066 - 1087)) William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy, who later became the King of England. William then laid siege to Gerberoi in January 1079. 10711087)", "Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. 1134)", "Les femmes dans l'histoire du duch de Normandie (Women in the history of ducal Normandy)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_the_Conqueror&oldid=1152709080, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 21:01. Edward, son of Edward of Plymouth, went on to be a founder of Tiverton,
Orderic relates that he had previously demanded control of Maine and Normandy and had been rebuffed. King Robert Bruce when he ascended the throne. Fulbert was also William the Conqueror's Great Chamberlain. of King Edward, her son the young Prince Consort, and her son Lord Gray,
life and of her heroic death will long illuminate the pages of one of the
William then moved to Hastings, a few miles to the east, where he built a castle as a base of operations. Another consequence of William's invasion was the sundering of the formerly close ties between England and Scandinavia. [54], William cultivated close relations with the church in his duchy. The second, which included some who became William's firm supporters, such as Robert, Count of Eu, Walter Giffard, Roger of Mortemer, and William de Warenne, faced the other invading force. All the English counties south of the River Tees and River Ribble are included, and the whole work seems to have been mostly completed by 1 August 1086, when the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that William received the results and that all the chief magnates swore the Salisbury Oath, a renewal of their oaths of allegiance. Robert also had a commission issued
The Norman sources do not dispute the fact that Harold was named as the next king, but they declare that Harold's oath and Edward's earlier promise of the throne could not be changed on Edward's deathbed.
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